Exam Focus
- Hop flavor and aroma can diminish.
- Malt can shift toward honey, caramel, or toffee.
- Papery or wet-cardboard notes are common warning signs.
- Waxy or lipstick-like notes can indicate oxidation.
Stale beer
Oxidation is one of the most important freshness faults for servers because it often points to old beer, warm storage, or oxygen exposure.
Key Terms
- Oxidation
- Flavor damage related to oxygen exposure, age, and storage conditions.